Which factor is commonly associated with underachievement in minority students?

Underachievement in minority students is often linked to the quality of relationships they have with their teachers. Less positive student-teacher relationships can lead to feelings of disconnection and disengagement in the classroom. When students do not feel supported or understood by their teachers, it can significantly impact their motivation and academic performance. Furthermore, positive interactions and encouragement from educators play a crucial role in a student's self-esteem and drive to achieve, making the quality of these relationships a critical factor in their educational experience.

In contrast, options such as increased support from peers, high parental involvement, and higher self-esteem typically contribute positively to a student's academic performance and overall motivation, which contrasts with the dynamics of underachievement seen among students with less favorable relationships with their educators.