According to Dabrowski, what are over-excitabilities?

Over-excitabilities, as conceptualized by Kazimierz Dabrowski, refer to heightened responses to stimuli in various dimensions such as emotional, intellectual, sensory, and psychomotor. Individuals with over-excitabilities experience the world more intensely and deeply than the average person, which can manifest as increased sensitivity or heightened awareness. This characteristic is often seen in gifted individuals, who may react more strongly to their environments, ideas, and emotions.

The second choice reflects the essence of over-excitabilities accurately by highlighting that they denote a greater-than-average responsiveness to stimuli. This increased sensitivity can lead to exceptional levels of creativity, emotional depth, and intellectual engagement. Recognizing over-excitabilities helps in understanding the unique psychological landscape of gifted individuals, allowing educators and caregivers to support their development effectively.